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Madagascar Cloves

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'''The clove tree, botanically named ''Syzygium aromaticum L.'', originates from Maluku Island is a member of the ''Myrtaceae'' family of evergreen trees, which typically grows in Indonesiaa humid tropical climate below 300m where there is no noticeable dry season. Clove was imported to Europe already While clove farming has existed in the 7th century. Upon discovery of Maluku Island by the PortugeseMadagascar since 1820, the clove trade became monopolised by the Portugese until they were driven out by the Dutch a number one cash-crop in the early 17th century. The trade was thereafter controlled by the Dutch until Pierre Poivre smuggled seedlings of the clove tree out of the country while organising several expeditions on behalf of the French East India Company. Clove were consequently brought 1990, providing an important contribution for Malagasy households, allowing farmers to Mauritius supplement their income during shortfalls in 1770 and thereafter to La Reunion island. The first plants appeared in Madagascar on Sainte Marie island in the 1820sfood production.'''

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In less than a Clove originates from Maluku Island in Indonesia and was imported to Europe already in the 7th century. Upon discovery of Maluku Island by the Portuguese, the clove tree trade became monopolised by the Portuguese until driven out by the Dutch in the early 17th century. The trade thereafter became controlled by the Dutch until Pierre Poivre smuggled clove seedlings out of the country while organising expeditions on behalf of the French East India Company. Clove was adopted by small houseold consequently brought to Mauritius in 1770 and thereafter to La Reunion island. The first plants appeared in Madagascar farmers who had quickly gained expertise on Sainte Marie island in its cultivation and valorisationthe 1820s.

In less than a century, the clove tree was adopted by Malagasy farmers who quickly gained expertise in its cultivation and valorisation. In Madagascar, clove trees are grown for both purposes of clove spice and clove oil production. Farmers can produce clove spice from the flower buds or essential oil from the leaves, or alternate seasonally between the two. Clove oil is produced by hydrodistillation of the leaves, although essential oils derived from the clove bud and stem produce the highest yield.

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By 1920/1930 Madagascar became a major producer and exporter of cloves and clove essential oil and is since the 1990s the world's leading exporter.

Clove production span along the entire east coast of Madagascar from Sambava to Fort Dauphin and especially between throughout the an area known as Analanjirofo (Malagasy for "clove-forest"), which makes up part of the Toamasina Province, incluiding including [[Tamatave]], [[Sainte Marie|Sainte Marie Island]] island (Île Sainte-Marie), [[Mananara]] and [[Fenoarivo Atsinanana]] (Fénérive or Fénérive-Est), and the [[Soanierana Ivongo]] district. About 90% of todayMadagascar's clove production is concentrated around Mananara, Soanierana Ivongo and Fénérive Est.

The clove tree, a member of the ''grows well in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaceae MyrtaceaeFerrallitisation ferralitic]tropical soil and usually gets between 10 and 12 metres but can get as tall as 20 metres. [[File:Madagascar_Cloves_017.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Syzygium aromaticum]] The plant flowers for the first time after 8-10 years and the trees are fully flowering at around 20 years. Cloves are the nail-like spikes which are unopened flower-buds. The name derives from the Latin word ''clavus'' family , meaning nail. Branches of clustered flower-buds are removed from the stems, then handpicked and sun-dried. Clove harvesting in Madagascar takes place between October and March.<!-- fact-check--> Clove has a variety of evergreen treesculinary and non-culinary uses. As a spice, which typically grows cloves are used in humid tropical climate below 300m where there is no noticeable dry seasoncurries, spicy fruitcakes, sauerkraut and a wide range of cuisines as well as beverages such as red wines.

The tree grows well Non-food uses include mixing the spice with tobacco in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrallitisation ferralitic] tropical soil Indonesian clove cigarettes called ''kretek'' which accounts for a large proportion of Madagascar's clove exports and usually gets between 10 and 12 metres but can get as tall as 20 metresworld-production.

The plant flowers Clove oil is widely used as a base in perfumes, for the first time after 8-10 years example in ''l'Air du Temps'' by Nina Ricci and the trees are fully flowering at around 20 years. Cloves are the nail''Opium'' by Yves Sain-like spikes which are unopened flower-buds. Branches of clustered flower-buds are removed from the stems, then handpicked and sun-dried. Clove harvesting in Madagascar takes place between October and JanuaryLaurent.

Clove 's main ingredient, eugenol, is have a variety of culinary and nonbioactive compound with anti-bacterial, fungicide, antiseptic, antioxidant, anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-culinary usesinflammatory effects. As a spice, cloves are It is furthermore used in curriesaromatherapy and various traditional, spicy fruit cakes, sauerkraut human and a wide range of cuisines as well as beveragesveterinary medicines including dentistry, such as re widetoothpaste...

NonEugenol can, however, be toxic in relatively small doses. A dose of 5-food use are blending the spice with tobacco in Indonesian clove cigarettes called ''Kretek'' which accounts 10ml has been reported to be nearly fatal for a large proportion of Madagascar's two-year-old. Additionally, clove exports oil can be used as an ant and world-productionmosquito repellent.

Cloves are Clove is widely used as a base classified in perfumesthree categories depending on harvesting and intended use: CGI - "Handpick", CG2 - "Prima", CG3 - "Courant" (ordinary), which applies to non-food use, for example in such as the Indonesian ''lkretek'Air du Temps'' by Nina Ricci and ''Opium'' by Yves Sain-Laurentindustry.

Clove's main ingriedient, euganolWhen exported, cloves in the Prima category should have less than 16% moisture level and weight at least 70mg. The right moisture level at the time of export is important to ensure minimum weight loss while the spice is on a bioactive compound with anti-bacterial, fungicide, anticeptic, antioixidant, anaesthetic shop shelf or kitchen cupboard without losing its spicy properties. Well prepared and analgesic effects. It is furthermore used packaged clove consignment should remain in aromatherapy, pharmacy, human and veterinary medicine including dentistrygood condition for at least two years.

Clove oil is produced by hydrodistillation of the leavesCloves from Madagascar are smaller than cloves from Sri-Lanka for example, with Madagascar's cloves having a stronger flavour making them suited for cooking, although essential oils derived from the clove bud and stem produce the highest yieldswhile Sri-Lankan cloves may be better for decorative pomanders.

== Additional information ==

View all [[Madagascar Cloves photos]]

 

* https://www.madagascarspices.com/cloves.html

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaceae

* https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-251/clove

* [https://www.madagascarspices.com/admin/images/Danthuetal2014BFT.pdf The clove tree of Madagascar: A success story with an unpredictable future] - article in ''Bois et Forets des Tropiques'', January 2014

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove

* http://www.idaromatic.com/cloves.htm

* https://www.importpromotiondesk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/factsheet/zutaten/cloves-in-germany.pdf

* https://www.ako-spice.com/cloves-a-big-thank-you-pierre-poivre/

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